The smallholder farmers contributed their labour to clear the trees and shrubs, level the ground, dig canals, lay the pipelines. This region is submitted to a semiarid and relatively mild climate. The vaalharts valley, situated in the northeast corner of the northern cape bordering the north west province, was started as an agricultural irrigation scheme during the 1930s. Interest in bt maize refuge compliance, pest incidence and production practices at vaalharts were recently stimulated by the first report of field resistance of busseola fusca lepidoptera.
Now that the vaal sluice gates are open, where does the water. Influence of irrigation on the level, salinity and flow of. Some of the water becomes part of the vaalharts irrigation scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation schemes in the world covering 369. In the south, perennial irrigation had begun with construction of the grand anicut by the cholas as early as second century to provide irrigation from the cauvery river. Pecan nuts in south africa the first pecannut trees were imported into south africa by one wilkinson, a natal nurseryman, towards the end of the last century. These earlier studies were sporadically conducted by either the department of agriculture or the department of water affairs to solve problems experienced by irrigation farmers. The construction of an irrigation scheme should be viewed as a project in itself. Ecological risk assessment framework for pesticides at. Influence of irrigation on the level, salinity and flow of groundwater at vaalharts irrigation scheme in 1934, act no. Pdf perspective on the development of stem borer resistance.
Soil salinity and sodicity are major factors limiting agricultural productivity in irrigation schemes located in semiarid areas. An historical perspective siltation of ancient dams and reservoirs is a testament to inadequate soil conservation measures that eventually reduced the productivity of the land as well as destroyed the capacity of reservoirs to provide an adequate supply of water 3. History of irrigation, drainage and flood control in nigeria. Multiobjective cropping pattern in the vaalharts irrigation scheme article pdf available in african journal of agricultural research 66. Perspective on the development of stem borer resistance to bt maize and refuge compliance at the vaalharts irrigation scheme in south africa august 2009 crop protection 288.
Economic performance of smallholder irrigation schemes. Lani van vuuren explores the history of this scheme which dates back at least years. The canal is 32 kilometers in length and approximately six to eleven kilometers wide. The f1neonate larvae originating from pop ulations collected from the bt, refuge, and conven tional. This site is like a library, use search box in the widget to get ebook that you want. Nwa this is the west african contribution to a series of regional studies, some twenty years in the making, on the history of irrigation, commissioned by the international commission on irrigation and drainage. It was thus important to investigate concerns of the water users association pertaining to water quality issues. Optimisation of water measurement and management in the. History of irrigation in india grand anicut irrigation tank vedas, ancient indian writers and ancient indian scriptures have references of wells, canals, tanks and dams. The vaalharts irrigation scheme is one of the largest irrigation schemes in the world covering 369. Due to the depression the aftermath of the terrible drought of the late 20s the scheme was initiated to create employment and settle farmers on irrigated land. Reddy irrigation involves the artificial application of water to soil, usually for assisting the growth of crops in dry areas or where there is a shortage of rainfall. A study was conducted to assess the quality of irrigation water used in mutema irrigation scheme located in southeast zimbabwe to understand how irrigation water quality is related to the chemical quality of soils in the scheme. Take a one hour drive north of kimberley on the n12 to hartswater, and you will find yourself in an agricultural eden.
Day trip from kimberley to vaalharts irrigation scheme. With a scheduled area of 29 181 ha, vaalharts is the largest irrigation scheme in. Into the water download ebook pdf, epub, tuebl, mobi. At this locality maize is planted under dry land conditions and bt maize is less common. Large, whiteowned farms have been the norm since commercial farming began in the area in the 1930s. It is named after the vaal river and the harts river, the vaal river being its major tributary water from a diversion weir in the vaal river, near warrenton, flows through a 1,176km long network of canals. Sprinkler irrigation first became a reality at the end of the 19th century, according to morgan. Sheep and goats are the most popular livestock, and horsebreeding is a lucrative activity. Project management is the planning and the control of the project activities to ensure that the goals are achieved in time and.
A regional overview of the northern cape global africa network. These alien freshwater plant species have become invasive in many rivers, manmade impoundments, lakes and wetlands in south africa hill 2003, due to anthropogenic dissemination, combined with increasing urbanisation, industry and agriculture, which. International programme for technology and research in. An assessment of irrigation water quality and selected soil. Feb 28, 2017 some of the water becomes part of the vaalharts irrigation scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation schemes in the world covering 369. The 29 181ha vaalharts irrigation scheme is the largest in south africa and is situated on the confluence of the harts and vaal rivers in the lower. Staniland of willowfontein, pietermaritzburg, probably imported the first grafted trees in 1912. Resistance to bt maize in busseola fusca lepidoptera. This book is in nice condition, and shows only slight age and use. The vaalharts valley experience the northern cape, south. The vaalharts irrigation scheme is the largest and oldest of its kind in the country.
The scheme sees water from a diversion weir in the vaal river flowing through an 812km long network of canals to water approximately 1250 farming units within the scheme. Steve lunderstedt november 2, 2018 today in kimberleys history 2 november 1933, colonel deneys reitz, minister of lands and irrigation, announces the proposed vaalharts project, the biggest conservation and irrigation scheme ever attempted in south africa. A project is defined as a set of activities that are linked together over a period of time and are carried out to produce specific goals. Vaalharts irrigation scheme covering 36 950ha, the scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation schemes in the word, is managed by vaalharts water, watering. The study assessed the economic performance of a smallholder irrigation scheme zanyokwe irrigation scheme. The return flow of the irrigation scheme runs into the harts river which joins the vaal river downstream of the vaalharts weir. Irrigation department organized a national conference of irrigation farmers jathika wari govi samuluwa in bmich on 6 th april 2016 under the patronage of h. The study took place in a former homeland area ciskei. History of irrigation, drainage and flood control in nigeria from precolonial time to 1999 by e. Drip irrigation technical guide pdf book in urdu and english. Intensive farming on irrigation land and especially. Crop production requires irrigation and water is taken from the vaalharts irrigation scheme vis. Fed by waters from the vaal and harts rivers, the vaalharts irrigation scheme, the biggest in south africa, supports more than 1250 high production farms. Vaalharts irrigation scheme covering 36 950ha, the scheme, which is one of the largest irrigation schemes in the word, is managed by vaalharts water, watering 1 250 farms of some 25ha each in the lush valley.
The sustainability of the scheme is very important. The overall objective of the study was to identify factors contributing to the success or failure of agricultural production on land reform projects farms and to make recommendations as to how productivity could be improved. The main residential areas were hartswater, pampierstad, jan kempdorp and warrenton. This study has been carried out in one irrigation scheme of the eastern cape province, south africa. Pdf multiobjective cropping pattern in the vaalharts. Invasive alien aquatic plants in south african freshwater. Click download or read online button to get into the water book now. The vaalharts valley this beautiful yet little known valley is only one hours drive north of kimberley. In a survey of nematode damage in groundnut arachis hypogaea fabaceae production areas in the vaalharts irrigation scheme in the northern cape province of south africa, a nematode was recovered and initially believed to be a member of the genus robustodorus, i. In south africa, the 1998 national water act launched an indepth reform of water resource management. The vaalharts irrigation scheme is distinguished through the steady planning of the channelised system because the main section of the irrigation area is a continuous canal with a constant descent. Most of the available farmland is suitable only for extensive farming low and rebelo 1998. Vaalharts irrigation scheme in the northern cape as an example.
These figures have been estimated by the loskop irrigation scheme management, the local cooperative and agricultural extension officers. The surrounds are like a breath of fresh air with the lush green farmlands highlighted from the usual yellows and browns of the nearby countryside. At the local level, all the irrigation boards ibs, which used to be managed by largescale farmers, are to be transformed into water user associations wua. The vaalharts scheme is the largest irrigation scheme in south africa, with approximately 32,000ha of land under irrigation. A diversion weir, redirects water near warrenton, off the vaal river and flows through a 1,176km long network of canals. This era saw the establishment of the vaalharts and the loskop irrigation schemes which remains the two largest government irrigation schemes in the country wrc 2008. History of irrigation development commercial sector. The transformation of irrigation boards into water user. Bt maize has been grown at the vaalharts irrigation scheme in south africa since its first release during 1998. History of irrigation, drainage and flood control in nigeria from precolonial time to 1999.
Perspective on the development of stem borer resistance to bt. Assessment of the physicochemical and microbiological. This is a drip irrigation technical guide pdf book in urdu and english languages, modern irrigation technology and practices. History of irrigation, drainage and flood control in nigeria from precolonial time to 1999 nwa, e. It draws water from the vaalharts weir which is fed. The aim of this study was to assess the physicochemical and microbiological quality of household water in the vaalharts irrigation scheme. It is named after the vaal river and the harts river, the vaal river being its major tributary. A history of american irrigation, he traces the development of field irrigation, from surface irrigation to the centerpivot systems that dot the landscape today.
Crops are planted throughout the year with wheat 36%, maize 23% and groundnuts 22% being the dominant crops. There were many problems such as construction issues, maintenance problems, water shortage, and fertilizer subsidiary new system introduced by the government etc, raised by. Other crops such as lucerne, cotton, wheat, peanuts and maize are grown in the orange river valley and in other irrigation scheme areas such as the vaalharts irrigation scheme in the eastern part of the province. Aquatic ecosystems in south africa have been prone to invasion by alien macrophytes, since the first introductions in the early 1900s. On the morphology and phylogeny of robustodorus andrassy. As the process of agriculture becomes increasingly mechanised, the application of scientific methods and technology to the procedure of irrigation comes as no surprise. Vaalharts irrigation scheme archives kimberley city info. In total, the network of canals covers a distance of more than 100 km supplying water to more than 1 800 abstraction points through pressure regulating sluices. Agricultural improved water distribution management. It can reduce dependency on rainfed agriculture in drought prone areas and increase cropping intensities in humid and tropical zones by. Example 24 rivers canal to ib in the berg river reach requires 24. About 80 per cent of the ncp is classified as farmland. Pages appear unmarked and illustrations are bright.